Perhaps if Judas Priest had officially released their fabled Stock, Aitken and Waterman collaborations, we might have paid more attention to the possibilities for such creative unions. In 1985, Billboard declared, "Metal has broadened its audience base. The New Wave of British Heavy Metal(often abreviated to NWOBHM) was a Heavy metal music movement that started in the mid to late 1970s, and achieved international attention by the early 1980s, list a new wave like Depeche Mode, and Duran Duran, The movement devoloped as a reaction in part to the decline of early heavy metal bands such as Deep Purple, Led Zeppellin and Black Sabbath. Fast, Susan (2005). Very culturally relevant album, compiled by Lars Ulrich. ", An early documented use of the phrase in rock criticism appears in Sandy Pearlman's February 1967 Crawdaddy review of the Rolling Stones' Got Live If You Want It (1966), albeit as a description of the sound rather than as a genre: "On this album the Stones go metal. When rock began turning back to softer, roots-oriented sounds in late 1968, acid-rock bands mutated into heavy metal acts. Ed. This was followed by more women fronting heavy metal bands, such as Halestorm, Within Temptation, Arch Enemy, and Epica among others. [314] In 1978, with the rise of the new wave of British heavy metal, the band Girlschool was founded, later collaborating with Motörhead under the pseudonym Headgirl in 1980. By the mid-1970s, heavy metal aesthetic could be spotted, like a mythical beast, in the moody bass and complex dual guitars of Thin Lizzy, in the stagecraft of Alice Cooper, in the sizzling guitar and showy vocals of Queen, and in the thundering medieval questions of Rainbow. [228] Death metal vocals are typically bleak, involving guttural "death growls", high-pitched screaming, the "death rasp",[229] and other uncommon techniques. Through the 1980s and 1990s, metalcore was mostly an underground phenomenon;[275] pioneering bands include Earth Crisis,[276][277] other prominent bands include Converge,[276] Hatebreed[277][278] and Shai Hulud. A pedal point is a sustained tone, typically in the bass range, during which at least one foreign (i.e., dissonant) harmony is sounded in the other parts. Metal music is no longer the exclusive domain of male teenagers. While the case attracted a great deal of media attention, it was ultimately dismissed. Very culturally relevant album, compiled by Lars Ulrich. Several attempts have been made to map the complex world of underground metal, most notably by the editors of AllMusic, as well as critic Garry Sharpe-Young. Influential and iconic heavy metal band Diamond Head have announced their first album of new material in eight years. First Wave of Black Metal is a commonly used term associated with the original form of black metal developed on European grounds during the early 80's. "[11] Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal, and others[59] have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult. [120], Birmingham's Black Sabbath had developed a particularly heavy sound in part due to an industrial accident guitarist Tony Iommi suffered before cofounding the band. … [153][155][156] In September 1969, the Beatles released the album Abbey Road containing the track "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" which has been credited as an early example of or influence on heavy metal or doom metal. [112], Heavy metal's quintessential guitar style, built around distortion-heavy riffs and power chords, traces its roots to early 1950s Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare,[113][114] who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton's "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954);[114] the late 1950s instrumentals of Link Wray, particularly "Rumble" (1958);[115] the early 1960s surf rock of Dick Dale, including "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962); and The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard. Updates? For the first time, heavy metal became a true genre unto itself. [183] With the major labels fixated on punk, many newer British heavy metal bands were inspired by the movement's aggressive, high-energy sound and "lo-fi", do it yourself ethos. [20] With rhythm guitar parts, the "heavy crunch sound in heavy metal ... [is created by] palm muting" the strings with the picking hand and using distortion. After Black Sabbath, the next major example is Britain's Judas Priest, which debuted with Rocka Rolla in 1974. The latter label was applied to a pounding, hard rock variant that evolved out of the mid-1960s garage-punk movement. Thrash was also the inspiration for later extreme genres such as death and black metal. [186] NWOBHM bands including Iron Maiden, Saxon, and Def Leppard re-energized the heavy metal genre. In Japan, the 2010s brought a boom of all-female metal bands including Destrose, Aldious, Mary's Blood, Cyntia, and Lovebites. [310], Fusion of nu metal with electropop by singer-songwriters Poppy and Grimes saw a popular and critical revival of the former genre in the late 2010s and 2020s, particular on their respective albums I Disagree and Miss Anthropocene. The roots of heavy metal emerged in the 60s and 70s. [311][312][313], The history of women in heavy metal can be traced back as far as the 1970s when the band Genesis, the forerunner of Vixen, was formed in 1973. Fast (2005), pp. Gene Santoro, quoted in Carson (2001), p. 86. [14] The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a combined use of high volumes and heavy distortion. [81] According to Deena Weinstein, thrash metal concerts have two elements that are not part of the other metal genres: moshing and stage diving, which "were imported from the punk/hardcore subculture". Rap metal, subgenre of heavy metal music.Heavy metal tended to be one of rock’s most porous genres, influencing (and in turn being influenced by) such disparate sounds as psychedelic, glam, punk, and alternative rock. [118][119] Where the blues rock drumming style started out largely as simple shuffle beats on small kits, drummers began using a more muscular, complex, and amplified approach to match and be heard against the increasingly loud guitar. [318] Osbourne, the wife and manager of Ozzy Osbourne, founded the Ozzfest music festival and managed several bands, including Motörhead, Coal Chamber, The Smashing Pumpkins, Electric Light Orchestra, Lita Ford and Queen. Bridging the stylistic gap between hard rock and glam metal, New Jersey's Bon Jovi became enormously successful with its third album, Slippery When Wet (1986). [176][177] Various smaller bands from the U.S., U.K, and Continental Europe, including Bang, Josefus, Leaf Hound, Primeval, Hard Stuff, Truth and Janey, Dust, JPT Scare Band, Frijid Pink, Cactus, May Blitz, Captain Beyond, Toad, Granicus, Iron Claw, and Yesterday's Children, though lesser known outside of their respective scenes, proved to be greatly influential on the emerging metal movement. "Shaping Up and Riffing Out: Using Major and Minor Power Chords to Add Colour to Your Parts". Lots of great, overlooked bands in this scene! October 4, 2015. If you have an addition to the list, post it here. [232] One major exception to this rule was Deicide's Glen Benton, who branded an inverted cross on his forehead and wore armor on stage. In addition to its sound and lyrics, a heavy metal band's image is expressed in album cover art, logos, stage sets, clothing, design of instruments, and music videos. [27] Lemmy of Motörhead often played overdriven power chords in his bass lines. [129] On their self-titled debut album, Vanilla Fudge created "loud, heavy, slowed-down arrangements" of contemporary hit songs, blowing these songs up to "epic proportions" and "bathing them in a trippy, distorted haze. Osbourne was not found to be responsible for the teen's death. We all know the most important bands of the influence in Black Metal thought. were influenced by traditional heavy metal of the 1970s. [48] Although Gene Simmons of Kiss claims to have been the first to make the gesture on the 1977 Love Gun album cover, there is speculation as to who started the phenomenon. The first wave of black metal refers to bands during the 1980s who influenced the black metal sound and formed a prototype for the genre. They are considered the first progressive metal band, combining progressive rock and heavy metal. "Power Lord—Climbing Chords, Evil Tritones, Giant Callouses", The first explicit prohibition of that interval seems to occur with the "development of, See, e.g., Ewing and McCann (2006), pp. "As much as Sabbath started it, Priest were the ones who took it out of the blues and straight into metal." [172] In 1973, Deep Purple released the song "Smoke on the Water", with the iconic riff that's usually considered as the most recognizable one in "heavy rock" history, as a single of the classic live album Made in Japan. Also that metal's "most influential musicians have been guitar players who have also studied classical music. First Wave of Black Metal; closer to thrash or speed metal than modern black metal Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In August, the group—now itself dubbed Mountain—played an hour-long set at the Woodstock Festival, exposing the crowd of 300,000 people to the emerging sound of heavy metal. [262] Some bands tried to adapt to the new musical landscape. The lyrics and performances are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.[6]. Oct 11, 2018 - Joining the ranks at Sliptrick Records this week: Steelwings (SE) Hard Rock | Heavy Metal Steelwings hail from Sweden and play classic hard rock/heavy metal with roots firmly from the 80’s. My latest project is The First Wave of British Heavy Metal, depiting a typical WWI scene. There are several genres in metal bands - Funk metal, Black metal, Hair metal, etc. In certain cases, there is little debate. [190], The first generation of metal bands was ceding the limelight. [101], Other early documented uses of the phrase are from reviews by critic Mike Saunders. Melodyful doles out a list of '80s hair metal bands that made people sway to their music! As the ‘New Wave of British Heavy Metal’ emerged in the 70s the wings of this genre spread, helping many subgenres gain prominence. [321], A general consensus among media and culture scholars posits sexism's existence, to varying degrees, across different subgenres and scenes of metal. In the 2000s decade, metal tempos range from slow ballad tempos (quarter note = 60 beats per minute) to extremely fast blast beat tempos (quarter note = 350 beats per minute). The heavy metal sound came into being as bands in the 60s and 70s experimented with a heavier sound that was influenced by blues and blues rock. That January, the San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a cover of Eddie Cochran's classic "Summertime Blues", from their debut album Vincebus Eruptum, that many consider the first true heavy metal recording. It described a … [230] Complementing the deep, aggressive vocal style are downtuned, heavily distorted guitars[228][229] and extremely fast percussion, often with rapid double bass drumming and "wall of sound"–style blast beats. [87] This code puts several demands on performers: they must appear both completely devoted to their music and loyal to the subculture that supports it; they must appear uninterested in mainstream appeal and radio hits; and they must never "sell out". [124] American acid rock garage bands such as the 13th Floor Elevators epitomized the frenetic, heavier, darker and more psychotic sound of acid rock, a sound characterized by droning guitar riffs, amplified feedback, and guitar distortion, while the 13th Floor Elevators' sound in particular featured yelping vocals and "occasionally demented" lyrics. – but it was important to me that, yet again [after Rainbow], I could be involved in something that was paving the way for those who are going to come after me. There were a couple of nice songs ... and one monumental pile of refuse". [25] Black metal, death metal and some "mainstream metal" bands "all depend upon double-kicks and blast beats". Though less commercially successful, NWOBHM bands such as Venom and Diamond Head would have a significant influence on metal's development. It's kind of like that, but with metal you have all the weird kids in one place". Late 1970's . It's a mechanical conception and realization (like all metal songs)—with the instruments and Mick's voice densely organized into hard, sharp-edged planes of sound: a construction of aural surfaces and regular surfaced planes, a planar conception, the product of a mechanistic discipline, with an emphasis upon the geometrical organization of percussive sounds.". [122] The variant or subgenre of psychedelic rock often known as "acid rock" was particularly influential on heavy metal; acid rock is often defined as a heavier, louder, or harder variant of psychedelic rock,[123] or the more extreme side of the psychedelic rock genre, frequently containing a loud, improvised, and heavily distorted guitar-centered sound. [95], Metal historian Ian Christe describes what the components of the term mean in "hippiespeak": "heavy" is roughly synonymous with "potent" or "profound," and "metal" designates a certain type of mood, grinding and weighted as with metal. She said that after marrying Dio, her professional reputation became reduced to her marital role as his wife and her competency was questioned. By developing increasingly elaborate stage shows and touring incessantly throughout the 1970s to make up for their lack of radio airplay, bands such as Kiss, AC/DC, Aerosmith, Judas Priest, and Alice Cooper established an international fan base. [75] Many metal performers of the 1970s and 1980s used radically shaped and brightly colored instruments to enhance their stage appearance. The more broadly popular styles of heavy metal virtually took over the mainstream of popular music in the late 1980s, but the coherence of the genre collapsed around the turn of the decade; bands such as Guns N’ Roses and Nirvana pulled fans in different directions, and many fans also defected to rap music. That same month, another Cream-rooted trio led by Leslie West released Mountain, an album filled with heavy blues rock guitar and roaring vocals. [82], It has been argued that heavy metal has outlasted many other rock genres largely due to the emergence of an intense, exclusionary, strongly masculine subculture. (2007). As musicologists Nicolas Cook and Nicola Dibben note, "Analyses of popular music also sometimes reveal the influence of 'art traditions'. Formed Fastway after his departure in 1982. [246], Traditional power metal bands like Sweden's HammerFall, England's DragonForce, and America's Iced Earth have a sound clearly indebted to the classic NWOBHM style. You could make a strong case for it. In 1979, lead New York Times popular music critic John Rockwell described what he called "heavy-metal rock" as "brutally aggressive music played mostly for minds clouded by drugs",[105] and, in a different article, as "a crude exaggeration of rock basics that appeals to white teenagers". Bruce Dickinson tries his damnedest, but songs such as Prowler and Charlotte The Harlot just … [320], In 2018, Metal Hammer editor Eleanor Goodman published an article titled "Does Metal Have a Sexism Problem? [252], The era of heavy metal's mainstream dominance in North America came to an end in the early 1990s with the emergence of Nirvana and other grunge bands, signaling the popular breakthrough of alternative rock. [90] Scholars of metal have noted the tendency of fans to classify and reject some performers (and some other fans) as "poseurs" "who pretended to be part of the subculture, but who were deemed to lack authenticity and sincerity". [8] During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence,[9][10] while Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Hair Metal is a derisive term applied to the slick, pretty, and pop-oriented heavy metal and hard-rock bands of the late '80s. [67], In some predominantly Muslim countries, heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values. It also has been used to classify certain elements or compounds, as in the phrase heavy metal poisoning. The album sold 27,522 copies in the US, and charted at number 11 on the US Billboard Chart, making it their highest charting release in America until their follow-up album That's the Spirit debuted at no. The sound developed by thrash groups was faster and more aggressive than that of the original metal bands and their glam metal successors. [71], Down-the-back long hair is the "most crucial distinguishing feature of metal fashion". Identifying “F.V.A.S.H.M” There is an old metal proverb that says: “Y ou can’t have a scene without an acronym ”. Here they were a noisy, unmelodic, heavy metal-leaden shit-rock band with the loud and noisy parts beyond doubt. Hey, if the Brits can have a New Wave, then who am I to judge? [7] Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics. [239] The 1993 murder of Mayhem's Euronymous by Burzum's Varg Vikernes provoked intensive media coverage. Bands like The Rolling Stones and The Yardbirds developed blues rock by recording covers of classic blues songs, often speeding up the tempos. [206], Many subgenres of heavy metal developed outside of the commercial mainstream during the 1980s[207] such as crossover thrash. Sciences sociales et pratiques culturelles radicales". Traditional heavy metal tends to employ modal scales, in particular the Aeolian and Phrygian modes. Bloodrock released their self-titled debut album, containing a collection of heavy guitar riffs, gruff style vocals and sadistic and macabre lyrics. [33] The Kinks played a major role in popularising this sound with their 1964 hit "You Really Got Me". [173][174], On the other side of the Atlantic, the trend-setting group was Grand Funk Railroad, described as "the most commercially successful American heavy-metal band from 1970 until they disbanded in 1976, [they] established the Seventies success formula: continuous touring". Most credit either Led Zeppelin or Black Sabbath, with American commentators tending to favour Led Zeppelin and British commentators tending to favour Black Sabbath, though many give equal credit to both. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. [159][144], Led Zeppelin defined central aspects of the emerging genre, with Page's highly distorted guitar style and singer Robert Plant's dramatic, wailing vocals. In 1981 a hardcore punk band Discharge released their debut album entitled In July, the Jeff Beck Group, whose leader had preceded Page as The Yardbirds' guitarist, released its debut record: Truth featured some of the "most molten, barbed, downright funny noises of all time," breaking ground for generations of metal ax-slingers. [315][316], Women have had an important role behind the scenes, such as Gaby Hoffmann and Sharon Osbourne. Side two of the album is a metal side. In July, Zeppelin and a power trio with a Cream-inspired, but cruder sound, Grand Funk Railroad, played the Atlanta Pop Festival. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Bon Jovi and Mötley Crüe. [120] Vocalists similarly modified their technique and increased their reliance on amplification, often becoming more stylized and dramatic. When power chords are played on the lower strings at high volumes and with distortion, additional low frequency sounds are created, which add to the "weight of the sound" and create an effect of "overwhelming power". Journalist Geoff Barton coined the term in a May 1979 issue of the British music newspaper Sounds to describe the emergence of new heavy metal bands in the mid to late 1970s, … [271] While nu metal was widely popular, traditional metal fans did not fully embrace the style. The New York Times critic Jon Pareles writes, "In the taxonomy of popular music, heavy metal is a major subspecies of hard-rock—the breed with less syncopation, less blues, more showmanship and more brute force. [217], In the early 1990s, thrash achieved breakout success, challenging and redefining the metal mainstream. [232] These two bands, along with Death and Obituary, were leaders of the major death metal scene that emerged in Florida in the mid-1980s. Heavy metal is traditionally characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound, and vigorous vocals. [85] Attending live concerts in particular has been called the "holiest of heavy metal communions. [196] Glam metal bands were often visually distinguished by long, overworked hair styles accompanied by wardrobes which were sometimes considered cross-gender. "[188], By 1980, the NWOBHM had broken into the mainstream, as albums by Iron Maiden and Saxon, as well as Motörhead, reached the British top 10. February 18, 2020. Still a lot more stuff to hear, especially when it comes to singles and demos. The term "black metal" was coined by the English band Venom with their second album Black Metal (1982). Sweden has thousands of great bands, and there’s a place and time for everything so we will take this opportunity to highlight bands that put out a full album during the 80s. Gloria Cavalera, former manager of Sepultura and wife of the band's former frontman Max Cavalera, said that since 1996 she has received misogynistic hate-mail and death threats from fans accusing her of causing Max's departure from the group. [26] Metal basslines vary widely in complexity, from holding down a low pedal point as a foundation to doubling complex riffs and licks along with the lead or rhythm guitars. His 1962 novel The Soft Machine includes a character known as "Uranian Willy, the Heavy Metal Kid". At the hearing, the PMRC alleged that the song was about sadomasochism and rape; Snider stated that the song was about his bandmate's throat surgery. [268] Dubbed "nu metal", bands such as Slipknot, Linkin Park, Limp Bizkit, Papa Roach, P.O.D., Korn and Disturbed incorporated elements ranging from death metal to hip hop, often including DJs and rap-style vocals. That has gone on since the pictures of the cavemen pulling girls by their hair. [244] Though a relatively underground style in North America, it enjoys wide popularity in Europe, Japan, and South America. During the same period, the doom-death fusion style of British bands Paradise Lost, My Dying Bride, and Anathema gave rise to European gothic metal,[253] with its signature dual-vocalist arrangements, exemplified by Norway's Theatre of Tragedy and Tristania. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. We all know the most important bands of the influence in Black Metal thought. AC/DC, which debuted with High Voltage in 1975, is a prime example. From the widespread misuse of the term to the insistence by fans, journalists, and musicians that bands playing in seemingly hundreds of different musical styles be included under its canopy, heavy metal causes confusion almost everywhere it goes. "Musicological Approaches to Emotion", in. Burroughs' next novel, Nova Express (1964), develops the theme, using heavy metal as a metaphor for addictive drugs: "With their diseases and orgasm drugs and their sexless parasite life forms—Heavy Metal People of Uranus wrapped in cool blue mist of vaporized bank notes—And The Insect People of Minraud with metal music". [133][134] At the same time in England, the band Black Widow were also among the first psychedelic rock bands to use occult and Satanic imagery and lyrics, though both Black Widow and Coven's lyrical and thematic influences on heavy metal were quickly overshadowed by the darker and heavier sounds of Black Sabbath. "[74] In the 1980s, a range of sources, from punk and goth music to horror films, influenced metal fashion. It has been argued that this is due to the music's largely male audience and "extreme heterosexualist ideology". [83] While the metal fan base is largely young, white, male, and blue-collar, the group is "tolerant of those outside its core demographic base who follow its codes of dress, appearance, and behavior". The term was first used by journalist Geoff Barton in the May 1979 issue of the British music newspaper Sounds, as a way of … A wave of “glam” metal, featuring gender-bending bands such as Mötley Crüe and Ratt, emanated from Los Angeles beginning about 1983; Poison, Guns N’ Roses, and hundreds of other bands then moved to Los Angeles in hopes of getting record deals. [5] With roots in blues rock, psychedelic rock, and acid rock,[6] heavy metal bands developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and loudness. Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on Amazon.com. Look out for an interview with main man Brian Tatler coming soon. "[53], In an article written for Grove Music Online, Walser stated that the "1980s brought on ... the widespread adaptation of chord progressions and virtuosic practices from 18th-century European models, especially Bach and Antonio Vivaldi, by influential guitarists such as Ritchie Blackmore, Marty Friedman, Jason Becker, Uli Jon Roth, Eddie Van Halen, Randy Rhoads and Yngwie Malmsteen". Morbid Angel adopted neo-fascist imagery. Deep Purple, the third band in what is sometimes considered the "unholy trinity" of heavy metal, despite being slightly older than Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin, fluctuated between many rock styles until late 1969 when they took a heavy metal direction. The principal members were Axl Rose (original name William Bailey; b. February 6, 1962, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.), Slash (original name Saul Hudson; b. July 23, 1965, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England), Duff McKagan (original name Michael McKagan; b. February 5,…. [13], The electric guitar and the sonic power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. [22], The lead role of the guitar in heavy metal often collides with the traditional "frontman" or bandleader role of the vocalist, creating a musical tension as the two "contend for dominance" in a spirit of "affectionate rivalry". [42] Although the perfect fifth interval is the most common basis for the power chord,[43] power chords are also based on different intervals such as the minor third, major third, perfect fourth, diminished fifth, or minor sixth. [282] Mathcore's main defining quality is the use of odd time signatures, and has been described to possess rhythmic comparability to free jazz. The album debuted at number 3 on the UK Album Chart and at number 1 in Australia. The movement began in the United States, with Bay Area thrash metal being the leading scene. Meanwhile, new bands like New York City's Winger and New Jersey's Skid Row sustained the popularity of the glam metal style. [23] Critic Simon Frith claims that the metal singer's "tone of voice" is more important than the lyrics. These bands expanded the approach of the loud but safe arena-rock bands, only they had a more distinctive visual image because they were living in the post-MTV era. [44] Most power chords are also played with a consistent finger arrangement that can be slid easily up and down the fretboard. By the new millennium Scandinavia had emerged as one of the areas producing innovative and successful bands, while Belgium, The Netherlands and especially Germany were the most significant markets. As Blue Cheer's Dick Peterson put it, "All we knew was we wanted more power. December 24, 2019. true t/f: Headbangers' Ball was a show on MTV that played rap videos exclusively. Heavy metal may be the most misunderstood and misrepresented form of music in Western culture. [21] Palm muting creates a tighter, more precise sound and it emphasizes the low end. He described the band's latest, self-titled release as "more of the same 27th-rate heavy metal crap". • A Nuggets, Pebbles or Killed By Death-styled Jobcentre Rejects-volume with focus on the highly vital and influentual Swedish scene 1978-1983 – The First Wave Of Swedish Heavy Metal. The new sound was codified in the 1970s by Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, and Black Sabbath with the release of Led Zeppelin II, Deep Purple in Rock, and Paranoid, respectively, which featured heavy riffs, distorted “power chords,” mystical lyrics, guitar and drum solos, and vocal styles that ranged from the wails of Zeppelin’s Robert Plant to the whines of Sabbath’s Ozzy Osbourne. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/art/heavy-metal-music. [252], The 1991 release of Forest of Equilibrium, the debut album by UK band Cathedral, helped spark a new wave of doom metal. 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