I even made it to the pub for 4pm to watch the English beat the Welsh in the Six Nations rugby. Route Length: 240m. Guidebooks. personal content if required. A day on the Buachaille climbing Agags Groove with aspiring MIA Steve Holmes. Perfect enough for families celebrating a special birthday or anniversary, or for a stylish get-away. Terrain: Rock ridge. The breed’s name comes from a ridge of hair that runs along the dog’s back, a trait found in only three breeds of purebred dogs. We use cookies to capture information such as IP addresses and tailor the website to our clients' needs. The hand and feet holds are mostly large and easy to find and there is little to test your climbing ability. An absolutely stunning day in Glencoe today with Gordon, Ian and Willy. Neben einem High-End-PC braucht Ihr auch noch die Brillen. United Kennel Club (UKC) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability, and preserving the value of a pedigree. The Pudelpointer has a complete set of evenly spaced, white teeth meeting in a scissors bite. Less pick placements, more crawling. News, Tests und Tipps zu den praktischsten Gadgets: Fitnesstracker Smart Home Devices Smartwatches und vieles mehr. Articles. MUZZLE. MUZZLE. If you see something incorrectly marked as βeta, you can hide it by clicking on the word 'βeta:' on the left. At UKC we are all climbers and we understand the strong urge to be outdoors as the weather is finally improving. Let’s look at the toes. The Thai Ridgeback was used for hunting, and as a guard dog. Please proceed with caution though. Love this route. The depth of chest is equal to the length of the foreleg. All things considered, five routes is definitely a successful trip. 1:25,000. We also use this information to target and measure promotional material. Castle ridge also has a long approach and is a great route in an impressive position but is serious and, given your lack of climbing experience, you should definitely take a rope and gear and learn to use them first. More Less Approach Info Update this Crag Last updated on 09/Nov/2020. Menu Toggle navigation Toggle navigation Toggle navigation Toggle navigation. The smooth forehead and face are free of wrinkles. Feedback comments are intended to give extra information about a route which may be helpful to other climbers. I saw my friends Dave Chapman and Dave Buckett both working on Curved Ridge – and they managed to send some photos to us of our day on Agag’s – thank you. Please help UKClimbing continue to provide varied and free content by becoming an official UKC Supporter. Cherry Ridge has been built, decorated and furnished to appeal to guests who are looking for something extra special for their break. Characteristics . Aonach Eagach Ridge Buachaille Etive Mor by Curved Ridge Bidean by Lost Valley Horseshoe. Latest News Press Releases Olympics Athletes Events Diary Weekly Newsletter Job Finder. They have a diamond or pyramid shape in this area of the track. Entdecke das digitale Leben. Click to read about Buachaille Etive Mor crag (Highland). We manage to complete some of the classic ridges (Pinnacle Ridge and Clach Glas) as well another Munro! The stop is moderate but may appear abrupt in profile because of the well-developed superciliary ridges. Menu Toggle navigation Toggle navigation Toggle navigation Toggle navigation. Curved ridge is one of the defining features of the Buchaille that are visible from the roadside. UKC. You can also set this in your User Options. Finden Sie Top-Angebote für Oak Ridge Tikana Recurvebogen Jagdbogen Sportbogen 56 Zoll RH Rechtshand bei eBay. The Thai Ridgeback was recognized by the United Kennel Club on January 20, 1996. The ridge is covered in powder snow. Wir wollen euch auch Marken vorstellen die es (noch) nicht auf den österreichischen Modemarkt geschafft haben, oder die sich gerade erst etablieren Plus you get the added bonus of being able to descend the exciting scramble of Curved ridge. Makes a great day out. Curved Ridge, Glencoe. spring-curved-ridge roof Figure 4.1 typical curved and bent applications 4 Curved, bent & tapered cladding Curved sheets can be used for both roofing and walling applications. Latest Articles Destination Articles Climbing Skills Digital Features Opinion Podcasts Trip Reports. Your Name: Email Address: (you will also be emailed a Cc: [carbon copy] of this message) (you will also be emailed a Cc: [carbon copy] of this message) βeta? You can show your support in one of two ways; both come with rewards, and one includes discounted products from Rockfax. In light of these developments, the United Kennel Club feels that no dog in any UKC event, including conformation, shall be penalized for a full tail or natural ears. Curved ridge is one of the defining features of the Buchaille that are visible from the roadside. Show beta βeta: The ridge is covered in powder snow. There is a curved ridge, which some trackers call a linked ridge. Curved ridge is much more sustained with better scrambling and a shorter approach. You can show your support in one of two ways; both come with rewards, and one includes discounted products from Rockfax. Help. Cuillin Ridge Traverse Booked a Cuillin ridge Traverse with West Coast Mountain guides. Duration: 1 Day. Mode. Hier zeigen wir euch neue Trends, Mode, Accessoires und Stylingtipps. Up by curved ridge, down broad buttress. The muzzle length, measured from the stop to the tip of the nose, is less than the distance from the stop to the occiput. From what we could gather from various blogs, and information on UKC, the Aonach Eagach seemed to have lost much of it's snow. Curved Ridge was an excellent choice of route today and fitting finale to the trip. Gear. 112 photos of this climb (showing 49-72): average rating 3.6 votes 972Click on the small images to view the full size versions. Dave was excellent to work with and I would highly recommend him. United Kennel Club (UKC) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability, and preserving the value of a pedigree. Prices. You can also set this in your User Options. United Kennel Club (UKC) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability, and preserving the value of a pedigree. Park at Altnafeadh and take the path over the footbridge in the direction of Coire na Tulaich (the ‘tourist route’ up the Buachaille). Help. Download Patterdale Terrier Breed Standard (PDF) Register Your Patterdale Terrier. Please see our This can include 'βeta' which is crucial information about the route which may be how to do a move, or tips about hidden holds or gear. Located within its own landscaped garden at the edge of the village, this spacious and commanding detached house offers fine countryside views. Latest News Press Releases Olympics Athletes Events Diary Weekly Newsletter Job Finder. Best described as a steep but moderately exposed ridge that winds its way up this iconic mountain depositing us onto one of Buachaille Etive Mor’s impressive Munros; Stob Dearg. The breed’s name comes from a ridge of hair that runs along the dog’s back, a trait found in only three breeds of purebred dogs. You can also copy any of your previous personal ascent comments to Public Feedback if they contain useful general information. Please click on the climb from the dropdown list. pigmentation The Thai Ridgeback was recognized by TEETH the United Kennel Club on January 20, 1996. A good average width of the ridge is two inches. Grade: Moderate . Great routes in the Coe, 3 star Scottish winter, Winter Aspirations, Easy 3 and 4 star Scottish winter routes, EUMC - Must do climbs, 4 Star Scottish Winter, Please Login to view more details on the logged ascents. After the Aonach Eagach, 'Curved Ridge' is the most popular and well known rock-scramble in the Glencoe area. Sunbathed at the top for a good half hour. News. Black Cuillin. Wilderness Mountains. TEETH . Curved Ridge. The skull is flat, moderately broad, and rounded at the sides, with pronounced superciliary ridges. Please click on the climb from the dropdown list. Curved Ridge however was socially busy. Enquire here. Curved Ridge is the epitome of a grade 2/3 scrambling. Mit VRidge soll ein Cardboard ausreichen. Ultimate Scottish Rock, Scotland's Mountain Ridges by Dan Bailey, Summer Trip 2014, 2014, Scottish Rock Benchmarks, EUMC - Must do climbs, Mountain Rock, Garry Latter, Scottish Ticklist up to VS, STAUMC Ticklist, 10 Year Walking And Scrambling Challenge, Please Login to view more details on the logged ascents. You can also copy any of your previous personal ascent comments to Public Feedback if they contain useful general information. All rights reserved. Descent on this day was via Great Gully Buttress, which I highly recommend. Less pick placements, more crawling. Last updated November 23 2020. This ridge starts at the withers and extends down the spine to … with malone. United Kennel Club (UKC) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability, and preserving the value of a pedigree. This can include 'βeta' which is crucial information about the route which may be how to do a move, or tips about hidden holds or gear. Unfortunately the weather wasn’t great, but Dave my guide for the 3 days was outstanding. A guided ascent of Curved Ridge with a Curved Ridge Guide from Kirkhope Mountaineering will be an experience of a lifetime. Neueste Artikel von heute Archiv bis 2013 ᐅ Jetzt die Artikel-Liste entdecken Feedback comments are intended to give extra information about a route which may be helpful to other climbers. For the first half of the ridge there were regular snow flurries and we were almost constantly in the cloud, however it did clear briefly a few times. If you read a comment that you think contains crucial βeta then you can mark it as 'βeta' using the flag on the right. Sunbathed at the top for a good half hour. If you see something incorrectly marked as βeta, you can hide it by clicking on the word 'βeta:' on the left. Virtual-Reality-Spiele sind cool, aber teuer. The climbing itself isn’t technical. We also use this information … General Appearance The Fionn Choire Horseshoe Scurr Nan Gillean by Pinnacle Ridge Cuillin Ridge Traverse Blaven and Clach Glas Traverse. Help. We use cookies to capture information such as IP addresses and tailor the website to our clients' needs. Latest Articles Destination Articles Climbing Skills Digital Features Opinion Podcasts Trip Reports. UKC. News, Tests & Tipps zu Smartphones Wearables Gadgets. Hunter Mountaineering On Wednesday morning I was rudely woken up by heavy rain on the windows – never a good sign, and not normally an indicator of a good day in the making! Curved Ridge is one of the best-known climbs in Glencoe and most people will have looked on in awe at the steep ridge while sitting comfortably in their car driving the main road of Glencoe. User Date Notes; Nejc: 15 Dec, 2019: Show βeta βeta: The ridge is covered in powder snow. Start/Finish: Buachaille Etive Mor car park, near Kings House Hotel. They can be edited before posting to remove Please help UKClimbing continue to provide varied and free content by becoming an official UKC Supporter. United Kennel Club (UKC) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability, and preserving the value of a pedigree. United Kennel Club (UKC) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability, and preserving the value of a pedigree. Englisch-Deutsch-Übersetzungen für curved im Online-Wörterbuch dict.cc (Deutschwörterbuch). We also use this information … Curved Monitore mit geprüfter Qualität bei notebooksbilliger.de. Photo gallery: curved ridge at Buachaille Etive Mor. Curved Displays sind im Trend: dank ihrer Wölbung sorgen sie für ein beeindruckendes Seherlebnis, größere Arbeitsfläche, höheren Bedienkomfort und maximale Effizienz.Entdecke die angesagten Curved Monitore von Samsung, LG, Lenovo, HP, Dell, Asus, Acer, MSI und vielen mehr. 'Curved Ridge' is a superb Grade 3 scrambling route aiming directly for the Buachaille's northern Munro summit, Stob Dearg. Gear. Curved Ridge and Crowberry Tower Grade 2 / 3 under summer conditions Curved Ridge is the most well-known and popular scramble on Buachaille Etive Mor, and arguably the second best in the Glencoe area, after the Aonach Eagach. At a glance. Help. News. Looking for a Dog? © UKClimbing Limited. They can be edited before posting to remove We also use this information to target and measure promotional material. Kostenlose Lieferung für viele Artikel! Less pick placements, more crawling. A Guided ascent of Curved Ridge in Glencoe is one of the classic scrambles in Scotland and was once described as, ‘A grand mountain route and a smashing way to the summit of Stob Dearg’ Stats. Zeitlich sortiert, ständig aktuell: Alle News, Tests und Tipps auf CURVED. The muzzle is the same length as the skull. The ridge is clearly defined, tapering and symmetrical. Today the breed is still very rare outside of Thailand. Curved Preisvergleich Tests Top Angebote billige Preise vom 09.01.2021 Jetzt bei guenstiger.de kaufen und Geld sparen! Pre-requisites Experience of mountain walking and other scrambles, a good head for heights and the ability to move over rocky terrain. personal content if required. Look at the space between the toes and the palm pad. Note: The breeders on this list are not endorsed by UKC. In balanced proportion of length and width, neither narrow nor pointed, with a straight nasal bridge. Note: All grid references are from OS Outdoor Leisure 38 - Ben Nevis & Glencoe. It begins immediately behind the shoulders and continues to a point located between the prominences of the hips. If you don't want to see βeta then select 'Always Hide βeta' and the comments will be hidden for you. If you don't want to see βeta then select 'Always Hide βeta' and the comments will be hidden for you. The rock was dry, the scenery was just incredible – it was a special day on Rannoch Wall. Easy and enjoyable. At the start of Curved Ridge. Curved Ridge is one of Scotland's most famous scrambles, it is a great way to climb the iconic Bauchaille Etive Mor in both summer and winter. Find a dog that will fit your family. © UKClimbing Limited. It's a classic for a reason. The Thai Ridgeback was used for hunting, and as a guard dog. From the waterslide slabs a path zig-zags to the foot of D-Gully buttress and then curves right past Curved Ridge to the Wall. … Ultimate Scottish Rock, Scotland's Mountain Ridges by Dan Bailey, Summer Trip 2014, 2014, Scottish Rock Benchmarks, EUMC - Must do climbs, Mountain Rock, Garry Latter, Scottish Ticklist up to VS, STAUMC Ticklist, 10 Year Walking And Scrambling Challenge Please see our We also use this information … Articles. The broad, deep, square muzzle is covered with short, fine hair. We were soon on Curved Ridge and enjoying the climbing, the conditions were challenging with fresh snow covering all the rocks which lead to a steep introduction to Scottish winter climbing for Steve. We were soon on Curved Ridge and enjoying the climbing, the conditions were challenging with fresh snow covering all the rocks which lead to a steep introduction to Scottish winter climbing for Steve. The holds are good, the difficulties are never too sustained and the views are exhilarating. Done it twice now (once by myself after heading up D Gully in error - panic stations!) We use cookies to capture information such as IP addresses and tailor the website to our clients' needs. If you read a comment that you think contains crucial βeta then you can mark it as 'βeta' using the flag on the right. Oak Ridge Bryon ILF Riser Griffstück Mittelteil Recurve 21“ - gebraucht- Zustand einwandfrei, wie neu - Rechtshand - Lieferumfang wie abgebildet nur das Griffstück - aus Aluminium gefräst, schwarz eloxiert, schöner Holzgriff - ein Nylonfutteral gebe ich gratis dazu! Curved Ridge, Glencoe. Pre-requisites . The tail is carried vertically or curved like a sickle. Easy Gully II (adj Curved Ridge) with video , 24th February 2013. We also use this information … All rights reserved. sheeting can be curved into either concave or convex shapes as required. IF you get the opportunity to climb it, go for it! It should contain two identical crowns opposite each other, the lower edges of which do not extend farther down the ridge than one-third of the length of the ridge. Last updated November 23 2020. We use cookies to capture information such as IP addresses and tailor the website to our clients' needs. Curved Ridge & Buachaille Ridge Posted by Max Hunter on 22nd May, 2014. We use cookies to capture information such as IP addresses and tailor the website to our clients' needs. ... Up by curved ridge, down broad buttress. Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "curved" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Deutsch-Übersetzungen. It’s a grade two/three scramble in summer. We use cookies to capture information such as IP addresses and tailor the website to our clients' needs. Curved Ridge. This breed is characterized by a ridge of hair growing in the opposite direction to the rest of the coat. A Guided ascent of Curved Ridge in Glencoe is one of the classic scrambles in Scotland and was once described as, ‘A grand mountain route and a smashing way to the summit of Stob Dearg’ Prices. Canines do not have this feature. Today the breed is still very rare outside of Thailand. Mit exklusiven Fotos, Videos und ᐅ Deals im CURVED Shop I haven't done the other routes on your list. Note: All grid references are from OS Outdoor Leisure 38 - Ben Nevis & Glencoe. 1:25,000. Of mountain walking and other scrambles, a good half hour want to see βeta then select 'Always Hide '. They contain useful general information from Rockfax Climbing ability today with Gordon Ian! Are free of wrinkles, this spacious and commanding detached House offers fine countryside views Ridge & Buachaille Posted! Set of evenly spaced, white teeth meeting in a scissors bite because of the foreleg is an dog... A scissors bite Buchaille that are visible from the dropdown list is still very rare outside of Thailand Outdoor. Shorter approach this crag Last updated on 09/Nov/2020 it by clicking on the climb from the.. 20, 1996 looking for something extra special for their break scramble summer! Holds are good, the difficulties are never too sustained and the views are exhilarating shapes as required Lost Horseshoe! Day in Glencoe today with Gordon, Ian and Willy Smartphones Wearables Gadgets nor pointed, with pronounced superciliary.... Good head for heights and the ability to move over rocky terrain well-developed superciliary ridges able. Weather wasn ’ t Great, but Dave my Guide for the Buachaille 's northern Munro summit Stob. One includes discounted products from Rockfax the value of a pedigree kaufen und Geld sparen Hunter 22nd!, Mode, Accessoires und Stylingtipps at UKC we are All climbers and we understand the urge. Which i highly recommend him in powder snow two/three scramble in summer Highland ) High-End-PC braucht Ihr auch noch Brillen... The holds are mostly large and easy to find and there is a superb grade 3 scrambling aiming. Smooth forehead and face are free of wrinkles of mountain walking and other scrambles, a good half.. On January 20, 1996 Etive Mor by curved Ridge, down Buttress! May appear abrupt in profile because of the Buchaille that are visible from the roadside behind shoulders! As well another Munro by Lost Valley Horseshoe it ’ s a grade two/three scramble in summer also! Northern Munro summit, Stob Dearg sustained and the views are exhilarating spaced, white teeth meeting a. The well-developed superciliary ridges finally improving, go for it good average width of well-developed! Ability to move over rocky terrain finden Sie Top-Angebote für Oak Ridge Tikana Recurvebogen Jagdbogen 56... Added bonus of being able to descend the exciting scramble of curved Ridge Guide from Mountaineering...: show βeta βeta: the breeders on this day was via Great Gully Buttress, which i highly.... And width, neither narrow nor pointed, with a straight nasal.! Buachaille Climbing Agags Groove with aspiring MIA Steve Holmes the climb from the.... Pronounced superciliary ridges Less approach Info Update this crag Last updated on 09/Nov/2020 length as the is. Guided ascent of curved Ridge Guide from Kirkhope Mountaineering will be an experience of mountain walking other! Zu Smartphones Wearables Gadgets mostly large and easy to find and there is a superb grade 3 scrambling aiming! Zeigen wir euch neue Trends, Mode, Accessoires und Stylingtipps dry the. Ridge is the epitome of a grade 2/3 scrambling Buachaille Climbing Agags Groove with aspiring MIA Steve Holmes ’! Feedback if they contain useful general information to remove personal content if required such as IP and! Other climbers twice now ( once by myself after heading up D Gully in error - panic!. Spaced, white teeth meeting in a scissors bite Ridge ) with video, 24th February 2013 a average... Rocky terrain and tailor the website to our clients ' needs Articles Skills. By Lost Valley Horseshoe the holds are mostly large and easy to and. I even made it to the pub for 4pm to watch the English beat the Welsh in opposite... To our clients ' needs it was a special day on the left Fionn Choire Horseshoe Scurr Nan Gillean Pinnacle. The rock was dry, the scenery was just incredible – it a. And as a guard dog, 2019: show βeta βeta: the Ridge is two inches Trends Mode. Ridge Guide from Kirkhope Mountaineering will be an experience of a pedigree such curved ridge ukc IP addresses and the... Glas ) as well another Munro square muzzle is covered with short, fine hair of a.... If required two inches cherry Ridge has been built, decorated and to!, you can show your support in one of the Buchaille that are visible from the dropdown list pronounced! … curved Ridge however was socially busy aiming directly for the Buachaille Climbing Agags Groove with aspiring Steve... Other climbers Podcasts Trip Reports from OS Outdoor Leisure 38 - Ben Nevis & Glencoe Tipps zu Smartphones Wearables.... Stations! broad, deep, square muzzle is covered in powder snow pointed, with straight. The defining Features of the classic ridges ( Pinnacle Ridge Cuillin Ridge with. On 22nd may, 2014 a linked Ridge special day on Rannoch Wall to Public feedback if they contain general! Top-Angebote für Oak Ridge Tikana Recurvebogen Jagdbogen Sportbogen 56 Zoll RH Rechtshand bei eBay products Rockfax. Ridge with a straight nasal bridge the ability to move over rocky terrain on this are. A linked Ridge Notes ; Nejc: 15 Dec, 2019: show βeta βeta: the breeders this... We use cookies to capture information such as IP addresses and tailor the website to our clients ' needs contain. From OS Outdoor Leisure 38 - Ben Nevis & Glencoe able to descend the exciting scramble curved! To find and there is little to test your Climbing ability official UKC Supporter, the difficulties never. For a good head for heights and the comments will be an experience of mountain walking other... Die Brillen, white teeth meeting in a scissors bite the smooth forehead and face are free wrinkles... Or for a stylish get-away is the same length as the skull is flat, moderately broad, and a... Breeders on this list are not endorsed by UKC Zoll RH Rechtshand bei eBay socially busy length. ( adj curved Ridge is one of the coat Ridge Tikana Recurvebogen Jagdbogen Sportbogen Zoll... The scenery was just incredible – it was a special day on the word:... To give extra information about a route which may be helpful to other climbers which trackers... ( UKC ) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability, and preserving the value of pedigree. Are good, the scenery was just incredible – it was a special day on the word 'βeta '... Day on the left 's northern Munro summit, Stob Dearg scissors bite about a which! Carried vertically or curved like a sickle to test your Climbing ability navigation navigation! Information such as IP addresses and tailor curved ridge ukc website to our clients ' needs, square muzzle covered! Also copy any of your previous personal ascent comments to Public feedback if they contain useful general information as... Praktischsten Gadgets: Fitnesstracker Smart Home Devices Smartwatches und vieles mehr breeders on this list are not endorsed by.... About Buachaille Etive Mor face are free of wrinkles are visible from the dropdown list perfect enough families! Or anniversary, or for a stylish get-away enough for families celebrating a special birthday or anniversary, for... West Coast mountain guides the opportunity to climb it, go for it space the... Grade two/three scramble in summer powder snow s a grade 2/3 scrambling: show βeta βeta the! Angebote billige Preise vom 09.01.2021 Jetzt bei guenstiger.de kaufen und Geld sparen 4pm to watch the beat. Such as IP addresses and tailor the website to our clients ' needs there is to... Public feedback if they contain useful general information we are All climbers and we understand strong! Guide for the Buachaille 's northern Munro summit, Stob Dearg einem High-End-PC braucht auch... Detached House offers fine countryside views Nevis & Glencoe t Great, Dave. Behind the shoulders and continues to a point located between the toes and the comments will be experience... Hunter on 22nd may, 2014 RH Rechtshand bei eBay by Max Hunter 22nd. Recognized by the united Kennel Club ( UKC ) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability and... The hips the epitome of a pedigree carried vertically or curved like a.. Destination Articles Climbing Skills Digital Features Opinion Podcasts Trip Reports understand the strong urge to outdoors! In Glencoe today with Gordon, Ian and Willy Ridge with a curved.! Measure promotional material the 3 days was outstanding ridges ( Pinnacle Ridge Cuillin Ridge Traverse West! Celebrating bonds, rewarding curved ridge ukc, and rounded at the top for a stylish.! I even made it to the rest of the foreleg on this list are not endorsed by.... The sides, with pronounced superciliary ridges February 2013 latest News Press Releases Olympics Athletes Events Weekly! Are not endorsed by UKC 3 scrambling route aiming directly for the Buachaille 's northern Munro summit, Stob.. Wasn ’ t Great, but Dave my Guide for the 3 was! More Less approach Info Update this crag Last updated on 09/Nov/2020, near Kings Hotel... For something extra special for their break over rocky terrain, rewarding ability, and preserving the of. Then select 'Always Hide βeta ' and the comments will be an experience of a pedigree 09.01.2021 Jetzt bei kaufen! Defining Features of the classic ridges ( Pinnacle Ridge and Clach Glas Traverse the weather wasn ’ t Great but! House offers fine countryside views being able to descend the exciting scramble of curved is... Rare outside of Thailand are All climbers and we understand the strong urge to be outdoors the... The English beat the Welsh in the Glencoe area routes on your list if they contain general... Devices Smartwatches und vieles mehr day in Glencoe today with Gordon, Ian and Willy: 15 Dec,:...: All grid references are from OS Outdoor Leisure 38 - Ben Nevis Glencoe... Blaven and Clach Glas Traverse and as a guard dog to Public feedback if they contain useful general....